GRAP 4 Restrictions Enforced In Delhi-NCR As Pollution Soars Amid Cold Wave

GRAP 4 Restrictions Delhi-NCR were reimposed late Monday by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) as the region witnessed a sharp deterioration in air quality coupled with cold wave conditions. The curbs aim to address the alarming rise in pollution levels, which crossed the “severe” threshold, putting public health at risk.

Rising Pollution Triggers GRAP 4 Enforcement

Delhi’s air quality index (AQI) breached the critical 400 mark on Monday night, rising from an already concerning 379 recorded at 4 pm. The severe pollution levels are attributed to calm winds and the formation of an inversion layer, which hampers the vertical dispersion of pollutants.

The GRAP 4 restrictions were reinstated just hours after Stage 3 curbs were imposed under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for winter pollution management.

What GRAP 4 Restrictions Entail?

The Stage 4 restrictions include stringent measures to control pollution, such as:

• Construction Ban: A complete halt on all construction and demolition activities, including public infrastructure projects like highway and flyovers.
• Truck Entry Ban: Prohibition on the entry of trucks carrying non-essential goods into Delhi.
• Hybrid Classes: Schools in Delhi-NCR must conduct classes in a hybrid mode for students of Classes VI to IX and XI, where feasible.

Cold Wave Intensifies Pollution Woes

Delhi recorded a minimum temperature of 4.5°C on Monday, which is 4.1°C below normal, intensifying the impact of the cold wave. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasted similar weather conditions for Tuesday, with a maximum temperature of 24°C and a minimum of 5°C.

This marks the fourth time in December that the capital’s temperature has dipped below 5°C, further complicating pollution management as cold air traps pollutants closer to the ground.

GRAP Measures: A Critical Tool Against Pollution

The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a framework designed to tackle air pollution in Delhi-NCR during winter months. It provides a stepwise approach to curbing pollution based on AQI levels:

• Stage 1 (AQI 201-300): Moderate restrictions, including dust control measures.
• Stage 2 (AQI 301-400): Enhanced measures like banning diesel generators.
• Stage 3 (AQI 401-450): Stricter actions, including restrictions on non-essential construction.
• Stage 4 (AQI above 450): The most severe measures, including bans on construction and truck entry.

Public Health Concerns Amid ‘Severe’ AQI

Air pollution in the “severe” category poses significant health risks, especially to vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory or cardiac conditions. Prolonged exposure can lead to respiratory distress, cardiovascular issues, and reduced immunity.

The hybrid schooling model aims to protect students from outdoor exposure while ensuring continuity in education. However, it presents challenges for families without access to reliable internet or devices.

Weather And Pollution: A Dangerous Combination

The ongoing cold wave has compounded the pollution crisis. Calm winds and low temperatures lead to an increase in pollutant concentration near the surface. The IMD predicts that the current weather patterns may persist, prolonging the pollution spell.

Meteorologists have also warned of reduced wind speeds, which hinder the dispersal of pollutants. Mahesh Palawat, Vice President at Skymet, stated, “A feeble western disturbance is slowing down winds, keeping the AQI in the ‘very poor’ or ‘severe’ range.”

Public Response And Criticism

The reinstatement of GRAP 4 restrictions has drawn mixed reactions from residents and environmentalists. While many acknowledge the necessity of stringent measures, concerns over enforcement and long-term solutions remain.

Critics argue that while GRAP provides immediate relief, it fails to address root causes like vehicular emissions, industrial pollution, and stubble burning.

The Path Forward

With pollution and cold wave conditions expected to persist, authorities must focus on strict enforcement of GRAP measures while exploring sustainable solutions. Public cooperation is equally crucial in adhering to restrictions and minimizing personal contributions to pollution.

As Delhi-NCR battles yet another severe pollution episode, the need for comprehensive and long-term strategies to tackle air quality issues remains critical. The combination of GRAP 4 restrictions and improved public awareness offers a glimmer of hope for the region’s environmental and public health crisis.